PRESENTING 2

Today was the second day of presenting for our class. We learned about Greek children, Thermoplyae and Greek food. Over the weekend we will put some finishing touches on our project and then we will be ready for when we present Monday. It is crucial to make this as good as possible to get an A in the class. I want to be able to maintain my straight A's for my freshmen year

PRESENTING

Today we began presenting our projects! Caitlin, Lily, Olivia and Gia presented today. They did a project on Ancient Greek women. They did videos on baking, weaving and make up. They brought Greek lasagna in and cheese cake. Both were really good! I'm looking forward to other presentations and presenting myself. Tomorrow is my birthday AND a dress down day. I'm super excited! More tomorrow!

Extra Project Day. Phew!

Today we had another project work day, which was very needed! We got a lot done and finished our project! We finished our paper and cleaned up our powerpoint!

We also finished up our oar yesterday and made sure it was stable enough for class. We're very excited for our presentation and we hope we can teach our peers about our topic!

Here are a few slides from our PowerPoint:

Lacrosse!

Today I missed class because of a lacrosse game at U.S. Lacrosse (it was really cool!)

TEST DAY!!!

I came into this test no so confident since my schedule is CRAMMED due to Pippin. After taking the test, I learned that I did well and it looks like I got only one wrong, but I guess we'll see! The only question I had trouble on was about Greek Citizenship. Here is an article about ancient Greek citizenship:

The requirements of the citizenship in ancient Greece was that men under the age of 18 would not be a citizen. In 451 B.C the rules of citizenship became stricter. Men could become citizens only if their father and mother's father were citizens. Slaves could not vote or choose their own jobs. Women that were married or unmarried could not own land. Out of 300,000 inhabitants of Tyrants only 45,000 could become citizens

Phiilsophers

Socrates 

• looked to science and logic (not the mythological gods) for explanations of how the world worked
• the Socratic Method fostered critical thinking
• "The unexamined life is not worth living"
• Socrates was charged with serious crimes

1. Impiety (disrespect of gods)
2. Corruption of Athens' youth

• at his trial, he described himself as the gadfly to the lazy horse that is Athens
• did not deny what he had done; asked for free dinners
• found guilty by an Athenian jury, and sentenced by drinking poison hemlock (nasty way to go)

Plato

• was a follower/student of Socrates
• he wrote out Socrates' teaching and described his trial in "Apology"
• Republic was Socrates' discussion of the justice and the ideal state- one of the most influential book on philosophy ever written

Aristotle

• student of Plato
• he helped foster the idea of Athens of an intellectual destination
• his school- the Lyciem- focused on cooperative research- building on knowledge gathered from all over the world

Did Aristotle invent the internet?

• not exactly but he dreamed of having the sum of mankind's easily accessed in one location

He wrote extensively on such topics as: 

•   logic--physics--biology
• ethics--politics--rhetoric
• motion--theatre-poetry
• metaphysics--psychology--dream etc.

He also tutored Alexander the Great

MORE GREECE

Gods/Goddesses

• What is unique about the Greeks' relationship with their gods is the interaction with humans
• Poseidon (god of the sea) interfered with Odysseus trying to return home
• Aphrodite (goddess of love) had lovers of both men and gods
• Dionysous (god of wine) was son of Zues (god) and Semele (human princess)

Spartans 

• Greeks were war-like: especially Spartans
• Spartans were known for their tough, ruthless infantry: soldiers who fought on land

Athens

• Athens had a great infantry, too, but nothing could compare with thier navy 
• their most effective weapon was the Trireme
• Trireme- fastest ship in the world (at the time), tech marvel, 170 men on three levels, bettering ram, agile, fast

The Phalanx

• close-rank defense grouping of warriors
• armed with long spears and interlocking spears
• the soldiers would advance slowly the enemy, until they broke through their ranks

Persian Army 

• Persia had way more land than Greece and early had unlimited resources

Greeks Army

• iron weapons meant ordinary citizens could afford to arm themselves
• foot soldiers (hopelites) trained from an early age
• armed with shields, spears, and swords
• phalanx
• home-field advantage
• motivated to preserve democracy

Persian Army

• first archers (do damage from a distance)
• then Calvary (they disrupt communication between generals and soldiers)
• then lightly armored soldiers (carried spear, sword and bow)
• huge numbers
• long way from home
• professional army (soldiers for hire, or mercenary)

Victorious Greeks form Delian League <- won the Persian War

More Project!

Today we continued our project. We plan to built a boat and burn in just as they did back in Ancient Greek Naval Warfare. Hopefully we can get this done; but all three members of the group are a part of Pippin and we may not be able to finish it. We will do everything possible to finish it. We also plan to have a powerpoint containing this video:

PROJECT!!

Today we got assigned a project that will be due in a few weeks on Ancient Greece. I will be working with Patrick and Austin and we plan to research naval war fare. Hopefully we are able to make great work to get an A!!

Here is the objective/grading:

Project - Ancient Greece

Objectives:

• Explore an aspect of life in ancient Greece that is of personal interest to you.
• Present the information to an audience of your peers.
• Teach your classmates something significant about ancient Greece.

Instructions:

• Find information about life in ancient Greece that is of historical interest.  Use at least two legitimate sources (other than Wikipedia). Your project (worth 100 points) should relate in some tangible way to the people, events, geography, architecture, economy, or other aspects of Greek life.
• Write a one-page paper (worth 50 points) describing how you researched your project, and how you carried out the actual process of making your project. Include the sources you used (Works Cited), listing them at the end of your paper. Use Times New Roman font, size 12, double-spaced, regular margins. Give your paper a title, and include the names of everyone who worked on your project.
• Give a presentation (worth 50 points) to the class describing your project. This presentation should be at least 5 minutes long, but no more than 10 minutes long. Include research methods, sources, how you actually put your project together, and how this project related to life in ancient Greece. A key element of your presentation should be educating the class through your project. All members of the group are expected to participate in the presentation.
• Be prepared to assess and critique your classmates’ projects in class.

Grading Criteria:

• 25% of your grade (up to 50 points) will cover your paper, including Works Cited, methodology, relevance, originality, appropriateness of sources, plus spelling and grammar.
• 25% of your grade (up to 50 points) will cover your class presentation.  Take a focused, interesting, relevant approach to your presentation.  It is important that you teach the class something about life in ancient Greece.

50% of your grade (up to 100 points) will cover the creative element and the educational aspect of your entire project and its presentation.  A run-of-the-mill project, or a lackluster presentation, will not result in a good grade.  An imaginative, creative project, presented with enthusiasm and knowledge of the material, will fare much better.  Make sure that a special effort is made to inform and educate your classmates, including the use of relevant background information about how your project relates to actual life in ancient Greece.

Sub and video

Today we watch a video about Greece since we had a sub, who was Ms. Magner. It was very informational and touched on most of the material were learning in class. We were told that if we didn't get it all done in class that we would have to do it at home. But luckily I finished it all.

Arete is the greek idealization of a hero
Pisistratus made many changes in favor of citizens during his rule
vases did not make much money and artisans made them to outdo eachother
in 510 B.C. Cleisthenes overthrew Hippias
at first only rich people could participate in the Olympics, in Cleisthenes time, all could
Cleisthenes worked to build a democracy and built an area away from Athens set away to vote on issues (citizens could vote)

Direct Democracy

• Hippias was a tyrant who ruled 527 to 510 B.C.E. 
• his brother was murdered, and his rule became harsh
• eventually he was expelled from Athens (ostracized)
• in revenge he began working with the Persian king Darius , helping them invade Marathon
• with Hippias gone, Isagras and Cleisthenes (both were aristocrats) engaged in a power struggle
• Isagoris had some support from fellow aristocrats, plus from Sparta
• Cliesthenes had the support of the majority of Athenians
• Isagoris becomes archon eponymous (tyrant)
• he ostracizes Cleisthenes
• Cleisthenes' supporters- and the ordinary Athenian citizens!- revolt against Isagoras' tyranny
• they trap Isagoras on the acropolis for 2 days- on the third day he fled and was banished

508 B.C.! Yes!

• Cleisthenes- definitely a member of the elite
• Elite
• Very rich
• Insulated from the "hoi polloi" (average)
• Crafty politician
• intelligence and energies of the non-aristocrats (middle class)
• too bad they didn't realize the value of women... but, hey, babysteps
• Middle class had the power
• citizens could participate but... only 1/5 of Athens population were citizens
• after several years, Athens practiced a direct democracy

Direct Democracy

• where a state (or city-state) is ruled by its citizens
• rule is based on citizens
• majority rule decides vote (in the Agora, citizens argued, made speeches, then voted with white stones (yes) and black stones (no)
• it was first practiced by Cleisthenes in Athens around 500 B.C.E.

Warring City-States

Warring City-States

• Rich people wielded much more influence in society, and held much governmental power then the middle or lower classes
• Aristocrats attended symposium, meeting where the elite men would enjoy wine and poetry, performances by dancers and acrobats and the company of heteras (courtesans) while discussing politics

Politics

• no women
• no middle class
• certiantly no slaves
• sometimes even certain aristocrats (who fell out of favor) were excluded

Aristocrats

• Sometimes aristocrats would form alliances with hopelites (well-armed soldiers), and set up an alternative form of government called a tyranny

Tyranny

• Tyrant: someone who rules outside the framework of the polis
• Modern tyrant: abusive/oppressive ruler
• Greek tyrant: someone who seized power (with hopelite help)

Athens and Sparta

Warring City-States

• Polis- fundamental political unit, made up of a city and the surrounding country side; politics (affairs of the cities), policy, political etc. 
• Monarchy- rule by a single person 
• Aristocracy- rule by a small group of noble, rich, land owning families
• Oligarchy- wealthy groups, dissatisfied with the aristocratic ruler who seized power (often with military help)
• Tyrant- powerful individual who seized power by appealing to the common people to gain support
• During the sixth and seventh century, Aristocrats ruled much of Greece

Building Democracy in Athens

• Nobleman named Draco took power
• In 621 B.C., he developed a legal code based on equality of all peoples under law
• He also made the death punishment a punishment for all crimes
• He upheld things like debt slavery
• Solon who reformed took power in 594 B.C.
• He outlawed debt slavery
• Organized four economical classes
• Only top three classes could hold office, but all four classes could vote
• Any citizen can press charges against a wrongdoer
• In 500 B.C., Athenian leader Cleisthenes took power
• he made ten provinces, political office was chosen at random, and a counsel of five-hundred voted on/proposed laws, only free adult males that were property owners could be citizens, citizens could make laws, women, slaves and foreigners had very little rights
• Draconian- unnecessarily harsh

Education

• Only rich boys went to school
• School began at age 7, and prepared them for life
• They learned about reading, grammar, poetry, history, mathematics, and music
• Since they did a lot of debating and public speaking in politics, they took logic and public speaking courses
• They took athletics for physical activity and went to military school for training
• Athenian girls learned about child rearing, weaving clothes, preparing meals, managing households, and other skills that made them good wives/mothers
• They were taught by their mother or other females in the household

Sparta Builds a Military State

• Contrast sharply with other city-states
• 725 B.C.- Sparta conquered region of Messiana (Helots) and demanded that half of all of the Helots' crop yield will be given to them
• 650 B.C.- the Helots revolted, out numbered them 8:1, which inclined Sparta to become less vulnerable
• Spartan government had many branches
• All citizens voted
• 30 elders (council of elders) proposed laws
• Five elected officials carried out laws
• Two kings controlled and ran the military
• There were three social classes; 1- rich, owned land 2- non citizens who were free 3- Helots and slaves
• Due to their militaristic society, they tended to disregard arts and literature
• Men were centered around military training
• At the ages of 7-30 they lived in barracks, which was comprise of marching, exercising, and fighting
• The army barracks were very difficult and uncomfortable to live in
• Girls received some military training, they ran, wrestled, and played sports
• They put Sparta above all like the guys
• They had freedom
• Prices in weaponry decreased and armies made up of working class individuals called phalanx started to pop up    

Persian War

• Greece vs. Persian Empire
• Fought in Ionia, near the coast of Anatolia
• Greeks had long been settled there, but in 546 B.C., they were conquered by the Persian Empire
• 490 B.C.- Persian fleet of 25,000 went up against Athenian army of 10,000
• Persian Empire lost 6,000 and the Athenian army lost less than 200
• Army runner Pheidpippides brought the news of them conquering the Persian Empire, but then collapsed and died
• 480 B.C.- Xerxes, son of Darius the Great built an army to crush Athens, many Greek city-states joined him and he thought he would make it through Greece very easily
• At Thermopylae, 7,000 Greeks, including 300 Spartans stopped him for three days
• A traitor told him of a secret path that would get them out of the predicament, and 6,700 of the Greeks fled, but the 300 Spartans stayed an died trying to stop them
• After an idea proposed by Themistocks, Athens fought on water near Salamer
• After burning Athens, the Persian ships all sank because of their large size (Athens also fought back)

Greece Geography and War

• Greece: 50,949 sq mi
• although fertile valleys cover one quarter of the peninsula, only about 20% is arable
• lack of recources most likely led to Greek colinization
• the temperature usually ranged from mid 40s in the winter to low 80s in the summer
• Greek diet consist of grains, grapes, olives and fish
• their influence began around 2000 B.C.E.
• Mycenaean kings dominated Greece from 1600-1100 B.C.E. 
• they controlled trade in that region
• 1400 B.C.E.- Mycenaeans invaded Crete and absorbed Minoan culture
• Mycenae is on Peloponnesus
• Greeks have fought in many wars over time
• Trojan war- fought around 1200 B.C.E. 
• part of Greek mythology- until the 19th century most historians thought it was fictional because the gods and goddesses got involved
• the goddesses Athena, Aphrodite, and Hera were given the "apple of discord" 
• Paris judged Aphrodite as the fairest 
• Aphrodite made Helen (who was married) fall in love with Paris, who took her back to Troy
• around 1200 B.C.E. the mysterious "sea people" began to invade Mycenae, and burnt palace after palace
• so the Dorians moved into this war-torn region dominating from 150-750 B.C.E. 
• Dorians were far less advanced
• the trade-based economy collapsed
• writing disappeared for 400 years
• Greek oral tradition-stories passed by word of mouth
• Homer lived at the end of the "Greek Dark Ages" 
• he composed stories (epics of the Trojan War c. 750-700 B.C.E.
• the Liad- possibly one of the last conquest of the Mycenaeans (The Trojan War)
• the Odyssey- Odysseus attempts to return home after the Trojan war, being thwarted by the angry god of the sea, Poseidon
• the Odyssey was 12,110 lines of dactylic hexameter
• the "Homeric question"- Homer may have been a mythical creature himself
• a blind wondering minstrel; a heroic figure
• Liad and Odyssey may be the culmination of many generations of storytelling
• or he could just be really really cool!:)

Greece pt.2

The worlds greatest civilizations are all located on water (usually rivers)

Civilization/Body of water
Mesopotamia/Tigris and Euphrates
Egypt/Nile
India/Indus
China/Huang He

What bodies of water surrounded Greece?
Adiratic Sea
Aegean Sea
Ionian Sea

Large Island to the South/Southeast of Greece
Crete

Uneven terrain made it hard for transportation
Scarce amount of roads that were only dirt
took very long to get places
Much of the land was stony
25% was arable land
Small streams could not support wide scale irrigation
Small population due to little farming
No more than a few million people lived in Greece at a time
Their land could not support the luxury, space, food, cattle, etc. they needed so they sought out other land
48-70 degrees farenheit
men were usually found at outdoor events
Mycenae  was located in southern greece, on a steep rocky ridge surrounded by a 20 foot protective wall that worked
From there, warrior-kings rulled surrounding villages
strong rulers controlled the areas around other Mycenaean cities
these kings dominated Greece from 1600 to 1100 B.C.
Mycenaean trade began to be seaborne using the idea from Minoan Civilization
They got greek language, art, religion, politics and practice from minoans
Micenaeans fought a 10 year war against Troy, an independent trading city located in Anatolia
Legend says a greek army besieged and destroyed troy because a Trojan prince had kidnapped Helen, the beautiful wife of a Greek king

Around 1200 B.C. sea raiders attacked and burned many Mycenaean cities and Mycenaean cities and the civilization collapsed
Dorians moved into the war-torn country side spoke dialect of Greeks but were distant relatives of bronze age Greeks far less advanced then Greeks

Stories spread through word
Homer wrote epics








Be able to identify

• Aegean Sea
• Ionian Sea
• Adriatic Sea
• Peloponneseus
• Athens
• Sparta
• Crete
• Asia Minor
• Macedonia

Greece

Athens and democracy (new form of government where citizens exercised power)

Alexander the Great spread Greek culture throughout much of Asia. Greek, Egyptian, and Asian cultures blended to create a hellenistic culture

Athens assumed control of a defense league and later became an empire. Later, Alexander conquered the Persian Empire and beyond to create a vast new empire of his own

• 2000 B.C.- Minoan civilization prospers on Crete
• 1780 B.C.- Hammurabi issues code of laws
• 1500 B.C.- Mycenean culture thrives on Greek mainland
• 1472 B.C.- Hatshepsut, woman pharaoh begins her reign
• 1200 B.C.- Trojan war takes place
• 1027 B.C.- Zhou dynasty begins in China
• 850 B.C.- Assyrians expand their empire
• 750 B.C.- Greek City-States flourish
• 500 B.C.- Zapotee of Mexico build Monte Alban
• 479 B.C.- Greece triumphs in Persian wars
• 334 B.C.- Alexander starts to build his empire
• 321 B.C.- Chandragupta founds Mauryan empire in India

In ancient times, Greece was split into many different regions

By 3000 B.C. the Minoans became a dominant force in the Mediterranean living on the island of Crete

2,000 islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas made up Greece

The regions geography directly shaped its culture and traditions

Access to seas and bodies of water made it easy for trade, getting resources, and made way for more skilled workers in the industries related to water

Rugged mountains covered 75% of Greece

The mountain chains ran from northwest to southeast along the Balkan Peninsula

The division of lands because of mountains influenced political life