Day 2

Rome Spreads its Power

Rome conquers Italy

• Rome grew slowly but steadily because legions fought for the Italian peninsula
• By the fourth century B.C. they conquered central Italy, by 265 B.C., they conquered all of Italy
• The conquered became a third group of allies, they made no peace treaties with them and as long as they supplied men for the army, it was fine
• After 265 B.C., Romes power spread

Romes Commercial Network

• They used the Mediterranean Sea and land to transport materials such as wine, olives, olive oil, raw materials, and manufactured goods
• Carthage was also a powerful trader whom were in direct opposition with Rome

War With Carthage

• In 264 B.C., Rome went to war with Carthage, starting a long war, called the Punic War
• Between 264 B.C. and 146 B.C., they fought three wars
• 1st War- for control of Sicily and western Mediterranean, Rome won
• 2nd War- Began in 218 B.C., Hannibal was the Carthaginian general behind it
• He assembled army of 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry and 60 elephants
• Marched through Spain and France and up and down Italian peninsula
• Lost some men but for a decade was successful
• His most successful victory was at Cannae in 216 B.C.
• Roman allies prevented them from conquering Rome however

Rome Triumphs

• Roman general, Scipio, matched Hannibals boldness
• His plans would force Hannibal to go back to his city to play defense
• In 202 B.C., in Zama near Carthage, Rome defeated Hannibal
• 3rd War- (149-146 B.C.), Rome laid siege to Carthage, in 146 B.C., the city was set aflame and its 50,000 inhabitants were put into slavery
• Its territory made Roman province
• Victory in Punic Wars gave dominance over western Mediterranean
• By about 70 B.C., Romes empire stretched from Anatolia in the east to Spain in the west

1. a. Rome used a republic as their form of government

b. A patrician was the rich and noble class and Rome and usually took part in government

c. Plebians were the middle and poor class, they worked ordinary and labor jobs

d. Tribunes were representatives of the lower class whom would protect them and fight for them in government

e. Consuls were like kings and commanded the army and directed the government

f. the senate the aristocratic branch of Roman government, with both legislative and administrative functions in the republic

g. A dictator was used in absolute crisis of Rome, they had ultimate power

h. A legion was a large group of soldiers. The Roman army was divided into legions and it helped with organization and success

i. The Punic Wars were a long struggles of 3 wars between Rome and Carthage

j. Hannibal was a young, successful military general of the Carthaginian army whom tried to invade and conquer Rome, but failed

3. A consuls term was only one year long, and they could not serve again for another ten years. Also, the other consul could veto, or overrule the others decisions.

4. The twelve tables were the first set of written laws for Rome, and it made the legal system more reliable and permanent.

5. He tried to surprise Rome by invading from the north instead of a head on attack.